Rabu, 13 November 2013


Pasar




Berdasarkan jenis barang yang dijual

Pasar konsumsi
Pasar tempat menjual barang barang kebutuhan manusia
Spt: buah buahn, sayur sayuran, pakaian, dll

Pasar produksi
Pasar tempat menjual barang barang penunjang produksi
Spt: mesin, bahan baku produksi

Berdasarkan luas jaringan

Pasar setempat/local
Ada di daerah tertentu dan menjual barang kebutuhan sehari hari
cth: pasar tabiang, pasar banda buek

pasar daerah
pasar yang meliputi kota atw kabupaten cth: pasar alai

pasar nasional
pasar yang meliputi wil, suatu negara cth: pasar uang, pasar modal

pasar internasional
pasar yang memperjual belikan barang barang yang pembeli dan penjualnya meliputi seluruh dunia .cth: pasar kopi di brazil

berdasarkan waktu

pasar harian
pasar yang beroperasi setiap hari. cth: pasar raya padang

pasar mingguan
pasar yang beroperasi setiap minggu( 1 atw 2 kali seminggu)

pasar bulanan
pasar yang beroperasi setiap bulan

pasar tahunan
pasar yang beroperasi setiap sekali setahun
cth:pekan raya jakarta

berdasarkan wujudnya

pasar abstrak
pasar yang tidak terlihat secara nyata
cth: pasar online

pasar kongkrit
pasar yang dapat dilihat wujudnya
cth: pasar steba

pasar manajemen/pengelolaan

pasar tradisional
pasar yang dikelola oleh pemerintah daerah/swasta berupa kios, ruko, tenda
ex: pasar atas dan pasar bawah

pasar modern
pasar yang dikelola secara modern
ex: mall supermarket

berdasarkan jumlah barang yang dijual

pasar grosir
pasar yang menjual dalam jumlah yang besar
ex: pasar tanah abang 

pasar eceran
pasar yang menjual barang dalam partai kecil(kesatuan)




pasar abstrak dibagi:

pasar uang 
tempat memperjual belikan modal/dana jangka pendek
( surat berharaga yang umurnya kurang dari satu tahun)
cth:sbpu(surat berharga pasar uang)
     sbi( sertifikat bank indonesia)

pasar modal
tempat memperjual belikan modal/danajangka panjang
(surat berharga yang umurnya lebih dari satu tahun )
cth:saham(bukti kepemilikan)
      obiligasi(serat hutang)

bursa tenaga kerja
tempat bertemuanya pencari kerja dengan pemberi kerja

Senin, 11 November 2013

Penyimpangan UUD 1945 Pada Masa Reformasi (sekarang ini)
Hukum - Setelah kita mempelajari mengenai Penyimpangan Undang Undang Dasar 1945 Pada Masa Awal Berlakunya, Pada Masa Orde Lama, dan Pada Masa Orde Baru. Maka dengan otomatis kita harus mempelajari juga mengenai Penyimpangan Undang Undang Dasar 1945 Pada Masa Reformasi (sekarang ini), langsung saja.


Berikut penyimpangan - penyimpangan yang terjadi pada masa era reformasi:
Bab VIIB pasal 22E ayat 1 tentang pemilihan umum
Pemilihan umum dilaksanakan secara langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur dan adil setiap lima tahun sekali.
Pelanggaran: Pemilu 2009 banyak kesalahan-kesalahan dalam perhitungan suara dan masih banyak rakyat Indonesia yang sudah mempunyai hak pilih tetapi namanya belum terdaftar dalam pemilihan.
Bab XIII pasal 31 ayat 4 tentang pendidikan dan kebudayaan
Negara memprioritaskan anggaran pendidikan sekurang-kurangnya dua puluh persen dari anggaran pendapatan dan belanja negara serta dari anggaran pendapatan dan belanja daerah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan penyelenggaraan pendidikan nasional.
Pelanggaran: Saat ini anggaran pendidikan masih kurang dari dua puluh persen sehingga bertentangan dengan ayat tersebut di atas. Dan sampai sekarang pun anggaran tersebut belum sepenuhnya memenuhi 20%.
Bab XA tentang hak asasi manusia
Pasal 28C ayat 1, 
Setiap orang berhak mengembangkan diri melalui pemenuhan kebutuhan dasarnya, berhak mendapat pendidikan dan memperoleh manfaat dari ilmu pengetahuan dan tekhnologi, seni dan budaya, demi meningkatkan kualitas hidupnya dan demi kesejahteraan umat manusia.
Pelanggaran: Masih banyak anak-anak Indonesia yang terlantar di pinggir-pinggir jalan, terutama di kota-kota besar, contohnya Jakarta, Surabaya, Surakarta, dll. mereka belum mendapatkan pendidikan di sekolah-sekolah, sehingga mereka belum memperoleh manfaat dari ilmu pengetahuan dan tekhnologi, dan tidak dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidupnya.
Pasal 28D ayat 1,
Setiap orang berhak atas pengakuan, jaminan, perlindungan, dan kepastian hukum yang adil serta perlakuan yang sama di hadapan hukum.
Pelanggaran: Masih banyak kasus-kasus pembunuhan, mutilasi dan kejahatan-kejahatan lainnya,  itu merupakan pelanggaran HAM, dan sampai sekarang belum dapat perlindungan.
Dan masih banyak lagi kasus HAM yang Amburadul.
Bab XII pasal 30 ayat 4 tentang pertahanan dan keamanan negara


Kepolisian negara republik indonesia sebagai alat negara yang menjaga keamanan dan ketertiban masyarakat bertugas melindungi, mengayomi, melayani masyarakat, serta menegakkan hukum.
Pelanggaran: Kapolri pada bulan september 2009 melakukan kesalahan yang sangat besar, mereka melakukan fitnah kepada pihak KPK hanya karena pejabat tertingginya tersandung kasus korupsi yang bongkar oleh KPK, sehingga banyak masyarakat yang pro maupun kontra atas perbuatan kapolri tersebut. Sehingga kapolri tidak lagi melindungi, mengayomi, melayani masyarakat, serta menegakkan hukum, tetapi kapolri malahan berbuat kejahatan.
Bab III pasal 6 ayat 1 tentang pemerintahan Negara
Calon presiden dan calon wakil presiden harus seorang warga negara Indonesia sejak kelahirannya dan tidak pernah menerima kewarganegaraan lain karena kehendaknya sendiri, tidak pernah menghianati negara, serta mampu secara rohani dan jasmani untuk melaksanakan tugas dan kewajiban sebagai presiden dan wakil presiden.
Pelanggaran : Presiden RI yang ketiga, yaitu B.J. Habibie sebelum menjadi presiden, beliau telah menerima kewarganegaraan lain yaitu Jerman. Presiden RI yang keempat, yaitu Abdurrahman Wahid secara jasmani beliau tidak memenuhi syarat untuk menjadi Presiden.
(Nb: Dalam beberapa sumber internet yang pernah saya pelajari tertulis bahwa terdapat pelanggaran terhadap pasal 6 ayat 1 namun, saya mendapatkan informasi bahwa Presiden RI ketiga B.J. Habibie tidak melakukan pelanggaran di karenakan beliau tidak menerima kewarganegaraan lain atas kehendaknya sendiri melainkan di berikan oleh pemerintah Jerman sebagai hadiah atas keberhasilan beliau dalam pembuatan pesawat terbang. Sedangkan Untuk Presiden RI ketiga Abdurrahman Wahid tidak melakukan pelanggaran di karenakan beliau menjabat sebagai presiden terlebih dahulu baru lah peraturan ini di buat).

Namun seyogyanya dalam penyimpangan yang terjadi dalam pasal 6 ayat 1 sebenarnya tidak terjadi penyimpangan. Hal itu disebabkan karena saat BJ. Habibie dan Abdul Rahman Wahid menjabat sebagai presiden pasal tersebut belum ada. Pasal itu muncul dalam amandemen ke 3 yaitu tahun 2001, dan pasal itu diamandemen disaat Abdul Rahman Wahid sudah menjabad sebagai Presiden.


Perbedaan Sistem Pemerintahan Parlementer dan Presidensial
Perbedaan-perbedaan dibawah adalah perbedaan yang umum di negara yang memiliki bentuk pemerintahan Republik

PerbedaanSistem Pemerintahan Presidensial Sistem Pemerintahan Parlementer
Kepala NegaraPresidenPresiden
Kepala Pemerintahan PresidenPerdana Menteri
Masa Jabatan Kepala Pemerintahanditentukan Jangka WaktuTidak ditentukan Jangka Waktu
Hak Prerogatif EksekutifPresidenPerdana Menteri
Hak Prerogatif LegislatifPresidenPerdana Menteri
Hak Pendapat Menurut UUD/diberlakukan/dicabutPresidenPErdana Menteri
Eksekutif bertanggungjawab kepada legislatiftidakYa
Eksekutif dijatuhkan oleh legislatiftidakYa
Posisi EksekutifParpol dan ProfesionalHanya partai berkuasa
Pembubaran legislatif oleh eksekutiftidakya
Pengusulan/Pengubah/Pengganti/Perbaikan UUD/UU/peraturan
bersama dengan legislatif
PresidenPerdana Menteri
Hukuman kepada Kepala PemerintahanPemakzulanMosi Tidak Percaya

penyimpangan UUD 1945 Pada masa Orde Baru (1966-1998) dan orde lama


Periode UUD 1945 masa orde baru (11 Maret 1966 - 21 Mei 1998)
Pada masa Orde Baru (1966-1998), Pemerintah menyatakan akan menjalankan UUD 1945 dan Pancasila secara murni dan konsekuen.
Pada masa Orde Baru, UUD 1945 juga menjadi konstitusi yang sangat "sakral", di antara melalui sejumlah peraturan:
•    Ketetapan MPR Nomor I/MPR/1983 yang menyatakan bahwa MPR berketetapan untuk mempertahankan UUD 1945, tidak berkehendak akan melakukan perubahan terhadapnya
•    Ketetapan MPR Nomor IV/MPR/1983 tentang Referendum yang antara lain menyatakan bahwa bila MPR berkehendak mengubah UUD 1945, terlebih dahulu harus minta pendapat rakyat melalui referendum.
•    Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1985 tentang Referendum, yang merupakan pelaksanaan TAP MPR Nomor IV/MPR/1983.
•    Pelanggaran :
•    Presiden RI yang ketiga, yaitu B.J. Habibie sebelum menjadi presiden, beliau telah menerima kewarganegaraan lain yaitu Jerman.
•    Presiden RI yang keempat, yaitu Abdurrahman Wahid secara jasmani beliau tidak memenuhi syarat untuk menjadi Presiden.
•    Bab VIIB pasal 22E ayat 1tentang pemilihan umum 
•    Pemilihan umum dilaksanakan secara langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur dan adil setiap lima tahun sekali
•    Pelanggaran
•    Pemilu 2009 banyak kesalahan-kesalahan dalam perhitungan suara dan masih banyak rakyat Indonesia yang sudah mempunyai hak pilih tetapi namanya belum terdaftar dalam pemilihan.
•    Akibat penyelewengan UUD 1945 sbb. :
Pada masa Orde Lama dan Orde Baru, ada begitu banyak penyimpangan konstitusi.Adapun bentuk-bentuk penyimpangan UUD 1945 pada masa Orde Lama, misalnya :
1.Kekuasaan Presiden dijalankan secara sewenang-wenang ; hal ini terjadi karenakekuasaan MPR, DPR, dan DPA yang pada waktu itu belum dibentuk dilaksanakan oleh Presiden.
2. MPRS menetapkan Oresiden menjadi Presiden seumur hidup; hal ini tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan mengenai masa jabatan Presiden.
3. Pimpinan MPRS dan DPRdiberi status sebagai menteri ; dengan demikian , MPR dan DPR berada di bawah Presiden.
4. Pimpinan MA diberi status menteri; ini merupakan penyelewengan terhadap prinsip bahwa kekuasaan kehakiman merupakan kekuasaan yang merdeka.
5. Presidenmembuat penetapan yang isinya semestinya diatur dengan undang-undang 
(yang harusdibuat bersama DPR); dengan demikian Presiden melampaui kewenangannya.
6. Pembentukan lembaga negara yang tidak diatur dalam konstitusi, yaitu Front Nasional.
7. Presiden membubarkan DPR ; padahal menurut konstitusi, Presiden tidak bisa membubarkan DPR>
Sedangkan bentuk-bentuk penyimpangan UUD 1945 pada masa Orde Baru meliputi,antara lain :
1.Terjadi pemusatan kekuasaan di tangan Presiden, sehingga pemerintahandijalankan secara otoriter.
2. Berbagai lembaga kenegaraan tidak berfungsi sebagaimanamestinya,
hanya melayani keinginan pemerintah (Presiden).
3. Pemilu dilaksanakan secara tidak demokratis ; pemilu hanya menjadi sarana untuk mengukuhkan kekuasaanPresiden, sehingga presiden terus menenrus dipilih kembali.
4.Terjadi monopoli penafsiran Pancasila ; Pancasila ditafsirkan sesuai keinginan pemerintah untuk 
membenarkan tindakan-tindakannya.
5.Pembatasan hak-hak politik rakyat , seperti hak berserikat, berkumpul dan berpendapat.
6. Pemerintah campur tangan terhadapkekuasaan kehakiman, sehingga kekuasaan kehakiman tidak merdeka.
7. Pembentukanlembaga-lembaga yang tidak terdapat dalam konstitusi, yaitu Kopkamtib yang kemudianmenjadi Bakorstanas.
8. Terjadi Korupsi Kolusi Nepotisme (KKN) yang luar biasa parahnya sehingga merusak segala aspek kehidupan, dan berakibat pada terjadinya krisismultidimensi.
•    Akibat penyelewengan UUD 1945 sbb. :
Pada masa Orde Lama dan Orde Baru, ada begitu banyak penyimpangan konstitusi.Adapun bentuk-bentuk penyimpangan UUD 1945 pada masa Orde Lama, misalnya :
1.Kekuasaan Presiden dijalankan secara sewenang-wenang ; hal ini terjadi karenakekuasaan MPR, DPR, dan DPA yang pada waktu itu belum dibentuk dilaksanakan oleh Presiden.
2. MPRS menetapkan Oresiden menjadi Presiden seumur hidup; hal ini tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan mengenai masa jabatan Presiden.
3. Pimpinan MPRS dan DPRdiberi status sebagai menteri ; dengan demikian , MPR dan DPR berada di bawah Presiden.
4. Pimpinan MA diberi status menteri; ini merupakan penyelewengan terhadap prinsip bahwa kekuasaan kehakiman merupakan kekuasaan yang merdeka.
5. Presidenmembuat penetapan yang isinya semestinya diatur dengan undang-undang 
(yang harusdibuat bersama DPR); dengan demikian Presiden melampaui kewenangannya

Senin, 04 November 2013

1. Kelainan dan Gangguan pada Tulang.
Terdapat beberapa kelainan dan gangguan yang dapat terjadi pada tulang, di antaranya, rakhitis, osteoporosis, mikrosefalus, patah tulang, terkilir, kelainan bentuk tulang, dan artritis.
a. Kekurangan Vitamin D.
    Pada tubuh manusia, vitamin D dibentuk dari provitamin D dengan bantuan sinar matahari. Vitamin D sangat dibutuhkan untuk proses pelekatan kalsium di tulang ketika proses penulangan pada masa anak-anak. Kekurangan vitamin D biasanya terjadi karena tubuh kurang mendapat sinar matahari yang cukup. Akibatnya, anak yang kekurangan vitamin D ini menderita kelainan pertumbuhan yang disebut rakhitis. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan oleh kedua kaki yang berbentuk X atau O 
b. Osteoporosis.
 Osteoporosis adalah kelainan tulang, yaitu kondisi tulang menjadi lebih lunak. Hal tersebut dapat terjadi karena kekurangan hormon-hormon tertentu yang membantu pelekatan kalsium. Selain itu, penderita kelainan ini dapat disebabkan juga oleh kekurangan kalsium dalam makanannya sehingga tubuhnya menggunakan kalsium yang tersimpan pada tulangnya. Akibatnya, pada tingkat tertentu tulang menjadi lebih lunak
c. Mikrosefalus.
  Mikrosefalus adalah kelainan pada ukuran kepala bayi yang lebih kecil atau tidak proporsional. Hal tersebut disebabkan ketika hamil, seorang ibu mengalami kekurangan kalsium sehingga pembentukan tengkorak bayi tidak sempurna.
d. Patah Tulang (Fraktura).
  Ada beberapa jenis patah tulang, yaitu:
1) patah tulang terbuka, tulang yang patah mencuat keluar sehingga merobek kulit;
2) patah tulang tertutup, tulang yang patah tidak melukai kulit. Patah tulang lebih banyak disebabkan oleh kecelakaan yang dialami penderita
e. Terkilir.
  Seseorang dikatakan terkilir karena ligamen yang membungkus persendian tertarik ketika melakukan gerakan yang tiba-tiba atau tidak biasa dilakukan. Pada kasus dislokasi, ligamen sobek sehingga sendi bergeser. Dislokasi disebut juga urai sendi.
f. Kelainan Bentuk Tulang Belakang.
  Kebiasaan duduk yang salah atau kebiasaan membawa beban hanya di satu sisi tubuh saja, dapat menyebabkan kelainan pertumbuhan tulang belakang. Ada beberapa jenis kelainan, yaitu: 1) lordosis, jika bagian leher dan panggul menjorok ke depan; 2) kifosis, jika posisi punggung dan panggul menjorok ke belakang; 3) skoliosis, jika punggung membengkok ke samping.
g. Artritis.
  Artritis adalah gangguan pada persendian. Artritis dapat dibedakan sebagai berikut. 1) Artritis gout, terjadi karena adanya timbunan asam urat. Pada umumnya, terjadi pada sendi-sendi tangan. Akibatnya, sendi-sendi tangan terlihat lebih besar. 2) Osteoartritis disebabkan oleh menipisnya lapisan tulang rawan di ujung tulang. Hal tersebut menyebabkan persendian sakit ketika digerakkan. 3) Artritis eksudatif, terjadi karena serangan kuman tertentu yang menyebabkan peradangan pada persendian. Sendi dipenuhi oleh cairan getah bening. 4)Artritis sikka, terjadi karena berkurangnya cairan sinovial. Hal tersebut menyebabkan rasa sakit ketika menggerakkan persendian.
2Kelainan dan Gangguan pada Otot.
  Otot sebagai alat gerak aktif dapat mengalami gangguan. Jika mengalami gangguan, kerja otot dapat terganggu. Gangguan pada otot dapat terlihat, contohnya jika kita bergerak mengalami rasa sakit pada bagian betis atau bagian lainnya. Berikut contoh kelainan dan gangguan yang terjadi pada otot.
a. Atrofi.
  Atrofi adalah keadaan otot menjadi sangat kecil sehingga tidak mampu berkontraksi. Pada umumnya, atrofi terjadi karena lama tidak menggunakan otot tersebut. Misalnya, tidak dapat berjalan karena terlalu lama terbaring sakit.
b. Tetanus. 
 Tetanus adalah keadaan otot yang kejang karena terus-menerus menerima rangsang. Penyakit tetanus disebabkan oleh Clostridium tetani, bakteri yang menghasilkan zat serupa asetilkolin sehingga otot terus terangsang untuk berkontraksi.
c. Miastenia Gravis. 
 Penyakit ini belum diketahui penyebabnya. Penderitanya perlahan-lahan mengalami pelemahan pada otot-otot tubuhnya hingga akhirnya tidak berfungsi sama sekali. Pada umumnya, penderita kelainan ini meninggal karena otot-otot yang berhubungan dengan sistem pernapasan tidak dapat berkontraksi.
d. Kelelahan Otot.  
 Kelelahan otot terjadi karena otot terus-menerus berkontraksi. Pada akhirnya, otot akan mengalami kejang atau biasa disebut sebagai kram.
e. Distrofi.  
  Mirip dengan atrofi, penderita distrofi mengalami otot yang mengecil dan tidak dapat berfungsi normal. Namun, distrofi terjadi karena kelainan sejak lahir, diperkirakan kelainan ini bersifat genetis.
f. Hernia.  
   Hernia disebabkan selaput peritonial yang membatasi rongga perut melemah sehingga tidak mampu menyangga usus. Akibatnya, usus turun dan terkadang mencapai testis atau sampai ke daerah lipat paha.

The 12 Zodiac Signs and Their Personality Types

Aries
An Aries is a person born between the 21st of March and the 20th of April. The Ram is the symbol assigned to an Aries and Fire is the element. The ruling planet for Aries is Mars. Tuesday is said to be a lucky day for Aries. Adventurous, entergetic, courageous, and confident are the strengths of Aries. Weaknesses include being self-centered, short-tempered, impulsive, and impatient.
Aries are known to be friendly and outgoing people. You would notice an Aries in a room full of people since they would be the ones talking and introducing themselves. Aries stand up for what they believe in. You will find them rooting for the under dog or defending and assisting those with weaker personality traits.
The Ram symbol is the first zodiac sign. The Ram symbolizes birth and is said to be the infant. In comparison to infants, Aries only are aware of their wants and needs. They are not selfish they just don't always realize they are putting someone else out.
Aries are very trusting and this can make them vulnerable as they believe and trust so easily that they often wear their hearts on their sleeves. Though an Aries can be pushed to have a temper, it normally won't last long. Seldom will you come across an Aries that holds a grudge. Forgive and forget is a motto most Aries live by.
Taurus
A person who is a Taurus is born between the 21st of April and the 21st of May. The Bull is the symbol assigned to Taurus. The ruling planet for Taurus is Venus and their element is Earth. Fridays are said to be lucky days for Taurus people. Strengths of Taurus include being compassionate, dependable, loyal, reliable, and also being strong both physically and emotionally. Stubbornness, aggressiveness, sensitivity and a dislike when faced with change are all weaknesses associated with a Taurus.
The Bull symbolizes strong and silent, and this is exactly how a Taurus is said to be. Until you really get to know a Taurus you will probably not see his or her true self. Taurus are very stubborn individuals and once their minds are made up, swaying them even a little is next to impossible. If you do not try to push, Taurus folks will come across as being laid back and reserved. Take heed though because if you anger a Taurus, it is likely that you might find a violent temper. However, Taurus tempers generally will not flare until they are pushed.
Taurus make wonderful friends, and whenever you need them they will certainly be some of the first ones there. Taurus know exactly how to brighten the day of friends in need. Don't count on a Taurus ever calling on you to return the favor. They are very in tune with their emotions and rarely display them. Taurus are loyal and will stand beside a friend until the bitter end.
Gemini
A Gemini is a person born between the 22nd of May and the 21st of June. The Twins is the symbol assigned to Gemini. Mercury is the ruling planet for Gemini and Air is the element. Wednesdays are said to be lucky days for Gemini. Jovial, good communication skills, inquisitiveness and flexibility are all strengths of the Gemini. Weaknesses of the Gemini include selfishness, restlessness, confusing personalities and difficulty being on time.
The Twins, which is the symbol of the Gemini, is said to be the child of the Zodiac. Gemini will have multiple personalities. Gemini change their minds as often as they change their underwear. Boredom quickly makes a Gemini turn and look for other avenues of excitement and entertainment.
Gemini have little to no patience. They do not flourish in environments where indecisive people are present. Gemini can talk themselves in and out of a situation all in the same breath. They do not stay in one place too long. In most disagreements, Gemini will come out the victor with an extraordinary ability to use words in their favor.
Falling in love with a Gemini can be exciting and dangerous. With their dual personalities Gemini keep their love life spicy. In matters of the heart, hang on tight because you are in for an ever-changing ride. Don't hold them to a time schedule as something can catch their eye and cause them to be late in a heartbeat.
Cancer
A Cancer is a person born between the 22nd of June and the 23rd of July. The symbol of Cancer is the Crab. The moon is the ruling planet of Cancer and the element is Water. Mondays are said to be lucky days for Cancer. Cancer strengths are adaptability, loyalty, genuine attachment to a family, and empathy. Weaknesses of Cancer include moodiness, sensitivity, and emotional outbursts and indecisiveness.
People assigned the sign of Cancer are genuinely moody and have ever changing emotions. One minute they may be laughing and having a good time and the next minute you may find them mad at the world. No one single emotion or personality can label a Cancer.
Cancer will often masquerade their emotions with humor. Laughing is a common disguise used by Cancer to hide signs of depression. Cancer will set their aspirations high. Constant struggles for success and achievement lay beneath the exterior shell of Cancer.
Yelling or harshly snapping at individuals born under Cancer can cause their hearts to hurt. They will either shed tears openly or just completely shut down when hurt. When a Cancer is hurt you will not be able to break through the exterior shell. Time is the only thing that can heal the heart of a Cancer.
Leo
A Leo is a person born between the 24th of July and the 23rd of August. The Lion is the sign of a Leo. The Leo's ruling planet is the Sun and the element is Fire. Sundays are said to be lucky days for a Leo. Strengths of a Leo include kindness, big-heartedness, an energetic nature, optimism, honesty and loyalty. The weaknesses of a Leo are prone to jealousy, possessiveness, egotism or a more dominating personality.
A Leo is similar to his sign the Lion, as he believes he is the leader of all. Putting a Leo in his or her place will certainly put a knife in his or her big but fragile heart. Leos dislike being bored and enjoy being around many people as they are at home playing the role of a leader. Leos can quickly revert to becoming lazy if they are not careful.
When Leos love, they love with all their hearts, and they take what they believe is theirs. They enjoy dishing out tons of advice and they expect that you should heed their advice as truth. A Leo can be hurt deeply if you question their authority. The best way to tame the proud lion is to feed into their opinion of themselves. You can easily have the roaring lion eating out of the palm of your hand with kind words and praise.
A Leo will tell it like it is - always. They have difficulty holding their tongues whether they are right or not. Leos will mean what they say and say what they mean. They speak their opinion whether you want to hear it or not so be prepared.
Leo prospers most when in a loving relationship. You will rarely find a Leo alone. Leos automatically take on the leading role in a relationship even though they may complain now and again about having too much responsibility. They really do not feel that way they just growl now and again.
Virgo
A Virgo is a person born between the 24th of August and the 23rd of September. The symbol assigned to Virgo is the Virgin. Mercury is the ruling planet for Virgo and the element is Earth. Wednesdays are said to be lucky days for Virgo. Strengths of Virgo are perfectionist, realistic, practical, dependable, sincere and patient. Weaknesses of Virgo include being way too critical, restless, and they lack demonstrativeness and tend to push themselves too much.
Virgo also tend to be quiet and family oriented people. Though you may notice a Virgo quietly off to the side, you can bet that he or she is simply taking in the details of every little thing. Virgos do not often put themselves in crowded situations, as they prefer to socialize one on one. Virgos are perfectionists meaning everything has its place.
Virgos live in reality and seldom daydream. They take life for what it is and don't set themselves up for disappointment. Virgos are workaholics and even in their work they expect and demand perfection from themselves. From their clothes to their homes, everything must be perfect. Much time is spent worrying about whether things are correct.
Virgos are tidy and neat freaks. Dirt and sloppiness can cause a Virgo to offer a harsh tongue-lashing. A Virgo can also be a wonderful friend. Knowing what to say and when to say it is a trait most Virgos possess.
A Virgo will show love by dedication and subtlety. While a Virgo may not climb the local water tower and spell out I Love You in bright green letters, you will know you are loved by the little things they do and say.
Libra
People who are Libra are born between the 24th of September and 23rd of October. The symbol of the Libra is the Balance. The ruling planet of the Libra is Venus and the element is Air. Fridays are said to be lucky days for Libra. The strengths of a Libra are patience, balance, gregarious, loving, affectionate, cheerful, energetic and a social nature. Weaknesses of the Libra include indecisiveness, carelessness, prone to indulgence, and being overly emotional and sensitive.
The Libra is the seventh sign of the Zodiac. You will find a Libra to be extremely nice and polite. Libras love being around people and often serve as mediators between quarreling parties. A Libra will most always appear cheerful.
Libras are very independent individuals and do not take orders well. Libras are intelligent and excellent listeners. They can also be naïve and restless. Libras are often as confused as the people surrounding them by their wishy-washy traits.
A Libra can bring laughter to the dreariest of circumstances. They are happiest when the people surrounding them are happy as well. They do not like for friends to be sad or upset. Libras take their time weighing pros and cons of a decision before committing one way or the other.
Scorpio
A Scorpio is a person born between the 22nd of October and the 21st of November. The symbol of Scorpio is the Scorpion. The ruling planet for Scorpio is Pluto and Water is the element. Tuesdays are said to be lucky days for Scorpio. Strengths of the Scorpio include loyalty, trustworthiness, passionate, charismatic, mystifying, caring and patience. Weaknesses of Scorpio are stubbornness, becoming jealous easily, and being overly sensitive and egotistical.
Scorpios have the ability to appear as though they are staring through people. Their gaze seems to penetrate the outer body and see directly into the soul. Scorpios have large egos and can stand on their own. Once they get something in their heads they can't rest until they finish the task.
Scorpios rarely let their emotions surface. They possess a sense of knowing when they are right and when they are wrong. Rarely will you notice a Scorpio playing bashful or shy. If you want an honest opinion about anything ask a Scorpio. Brutal honesty is a feature they cannot help but offer.
Scorpios love with their complete hearts, but they have no tolerance for unfaithfulness. Questioning their own worth causes Scorpios to be very jealous and overly possessive especially in matters of the heart. They will stand beside the ones they live come what may, through thick and thin. You could not ask for a more loyal friend.
Sagittarius
A Sagittarius is a person born between the 23rd of November and the 21st of December. The symbol of the Sagittarius is the Archer. The Sagittarius ruling planet is Jupiter and the element is Fire. Thursdays are said to be lucky days for Sagittarius. Strengths of the Sagittarius include honesty, forthrightness, lightheartedness, intellectualism, and possession of excellent communication skills. Weaknesses of the Sagittarius are sharp tongue, prone to change, restlessness and a flirtatious nature.
Sagittarius have a way with words like no other. They try to come across nice and friendly but normally end up hurting the feelings of others or just downright annoying others. They are not at all gifted with a talent for dishing out compliments. Most often compliments will come out more like insults and any attempts to correct misunderstandings are futile.
Sagittarius are animal lovers and are most always the ones apt to take in homeless and stray animals that no one else would think about touching. They will nurture these outcasts back to health and prove they can be wonderful pets.
Sagittarius are the first ones to try to cheer up friends when they are down. Though they may not be the greatest at this, nonetheless they will try. You may find yourself laughing whether you want to or not in their presence.
Decisions of the heart take Sagittarius some time to make. They fall in love easily, but do not love lightly. A long internal struggle goes on inside the head of a Sagittarius before a decision related to commitment can be arrived at.
Capricorn
A Capricorn is a person born between the 22nd of December and the 20th of January. The symbol of the Capricorn is the Sea Goat. Saturn is the ruling planet of the Capricorn and Earth is the element. Saturdays are said to be lucky days for Capricorn. Strengths of the Capricorn include hardworking, responsible, reliable, loyal, sincere and strong will power. Weaknesses of the Capricorn are introvert, slightly obstinate, short tempered and difficulty accepting authority.
A Capricorn has the ability to fit in and adjust to surroundings. They are the type that could make you believe the sky is purple if they wanted to. Capricorns are very calm individuals. They do not become agitated easily.
Capricorns are not ones to reach for stardom but they know how to deal with it if it is thrust their way. They prefer to enjoy blending in with groups around them. Capricorns are similar to chameleons and are similarly harmless.
Capricorns like being leaders in the workplace and they do not take orders from others well at all. You may find a Capricorn unleashing a sharp tongue lashing if you try to take control of a project.
In matters of the heart, Capricorns are very romantic. Dinners by candlelight and flowers for no reason are qualities you can expect from a Capricorn. Capricorns like to be wanted and needed.
Aquarius
A person who is Aquarius is born between the 21st of January and the 19th of February. The sign of the Aquarius is the Water Bearer. Uranus is the ruling planet of Aquarius and Air is the element. Saturdays are said to be lucky days for Aquarius. Strengths of Aquarius include being friendly, affable, intelligent, kind, compassionate and practical. Weaknesses of the Aquarius are being unpredictable, adamant, dislike towards making commitments and hating adhering to conventions.
Aquarius never meet anyone they don't at first glance consider a friend. Friend is a term they use very loosely. Aquarius are always kind and caring and enjoy getting to know new people. Unless you give them reason to dislike you, they like everyone.
Aquarius are generally soft spoken but can demonstrate the ability to change up now and again. They love things that are new and enjoy experimenting with new ideas and concepts. Creativity flows through the veins of individuals with the Aquarius sign.
Aquarius tend to have a large number of friends though normally not many close or best buddies. They are friendly and nice and enjoy being around other people. Their flighty and every changing personality make getting close with an Aquarius next to impossible. One minute you may be an Aquarius' best friend and the next just someone who is in the way.
Pisces
A Pisces is a person born between the 20th of February and the 20th of March. The sign of the Pisces is the Fish. The ruling planet of Pisces is Neptune and the element is Water. Thursdays are said to be lucky days for Pisces. Strengths of the Pisces include being intuitive, empathetic, uninterested in material things and having a sharp memory. Weaknesses of the Pisces include being emotional or sensitive, and prone to wistfulness, mood swings and inflexibility.
Greed in not a quality Pisces possess. They are not materialistic people. Pisces are well aware of how the world works but they also know their place. Pisces either run with the flow of the people around them or they run against it. They are either one extreme or the other there is no in between.
Pisces are calm and cool and rarely lose their tempers. Pisces can charm your socks off without blinking an eye. In the event of troubling situations, Pisces have the ability to remain calm and rational. They think through situations rather than through reacting impulsively.
Pisces are great lovers of music and art. You may find a Pisces in an orchestra or crafting a new picture for an art gallery. Pisces try to help everyone around them. They dislike their friends being unhappy and they will bend over backwards to be helpful.

Minggu, 03 November 2013

                                                    Sphinx
   A sphinx (Greek: Σφίγξ /sphinx, Bœotian: Φίξ /Phix) is a mythical creature with, as a minimum, the body of a lion and a human head.
In Greek tradition, it has the haunches of a lion, the wings of a great bird, and the face of a woman. She is mythicised as treacherous and merciless. Those who cannot answer herriddle suffer a fate typical in such mythological stories, as they are killed and eaten by this ravenous monster. This deadly version of a sphinx, appears in the myth and drama of Oepidus. Unlike the Greek sphinx which was a woman, the Egyptian sphinx is typically shown as a man (an androsphinx). In addition, the Egyptian sphinx was viewed as benevolent, but having a ferocious strength similar to the malevolent Greek version and were both thought of as a guardian often flanking the entrances to temples.
In European decorative art, the sphinx enjoyed a major revival during the Renaissance. Later, the sphinx image, something very similar to the original Ancient Egyptian concept, was exported into many other cultures, albeit often interpreted quite differently due to translations of descriptions of the originals and the evolution of the concept in relation to other cultural traditions.
Generally the role of sphinxes is associated with architectural structures such as royal tombs or religious temples. The oldest known sphinx was found near Gobekli Tepe at another site, Nevali Çori, or possibly 120 miles to the east at Kortik Tepe, Turkey, and was dated to 9,500 BC.
Sphinx (أبو الهول )
Great Sphinx of Giza - 20080716a.jpg
   

Sabtu, 02 November 2013

                                                                                                                                                          "TAEKWONDO"
   Taekwondo is one of the most systematic and scientific Korean traditional martial arts, that teaches more than physical fighting skills. It is a discipline that shows ways of enhancing our spirit and life through training our body and mind. Today, it has become a global sport that has gained an international reputation, and stands among the official games in the Olympics.
   
   Let's take a closer look at the meaning of the word "Tae" "Kwon" "Do." It is composed of three parts as shown in the English spelling, though it is one word in Korean. "Tae" means "foot," "leg," or "to step on"; "Kwon" means "fist," or "fight"; and "Do" means the "way" or "discipline." If we put these three parts together, we can see two important concepts behind "Tae Kwon Do".
 
First, Taekwondo is the right way of using Tae and Kwon 'fists and feet,' or all the parts of the body that are represented by fists and feet. Second, it is a way to control or calm down fights and keep the peace. This concept comes from the meaning of Tae Kwon 'to put fists under control' [or 'to step on fists']. Thus Taekwondo means "the right way of using all parts of the body to stop fights and help to build a better and more peaceful world."
 
Taekwondo has been developing with the 5000-year long history of Korea, being called by several different names in the course. In Korea, Taekwondo began as a defense martial art called "Subak" or "Taekkyon," and developed as a way of training body and mind in the ancient kingdom of Koguryo, under the name of "Sunbae." In the Shilla period, it had become the backbone of Hwarangdo that aimed at producing leaders of the country.
 
Taekwondo today is similar to the martial arts in other Oriental countries and shares some features with them, because in the course of its evolution it has gained many different styles that existed in the martial arts of the countries surrounding Korea, like Japan and China.
 
But Taekwondo is very different from many such oriental martial arts. First, physically it is very dynamic with active movements that include a mirage of foot skills. Second, the principle physical movements are in simpatico with that of the mind and life as a whole. Third, it possesses dynamic poses from another perspective.
 
Taekwondo can be characterized by unity: the unity of body, mind, and life, and the unity of the pose ["poomsae"] and confrontation, and cracking down. When you do Taekwondo, you should make your mind peaceful and synchronize your mind with your movements, and extend this harmony to your life and society. This is how in Taekwondo the principle of physical movements, the principle of mind training, and the principle of life become one and the same. On the other hand, the right poomsae lead to the right confrontation, which will eventually produce great destructive power.
 
How come we reach such a unity in Taekwondo? Taekwondo is a way of life, much like having a job, raising a family, fighting for a cause, or any one of numerous raison d'etre. What makes Taekwondo different from these is that it is an activity for survival in extremely antagonistic situations. One must always overcome the enemy that is trying to cause harm. But simply winning a fight is not enough to guarantee one's safety, because the enemy may recuperate and attack again. Moreover, there may be many other enemies than the one that was just defeated. One cannot ever feel safe unless one gains permanent peace. To attain this permanent or lasting peace, one needs unity. This is what Taekwondo aim for. Otherwise Taekwondo would be no different from any other street-fighting skills.
 
Taekwondo pursues harmonious growth and improvements of life through its unique activities. This is why one could say Taekwondo is a way of life. To ultimately enable ourselves to lead more valuable lives, we would do well by finding the guiding principles deeply hidden in Taekwondo.